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Post by FinchG on Mar 3, 2013 7:15:05 GMT -6
In the chiyoda, the frill mutation causes the chest feathers to grow upward(with good luck) or upward and outward in a swirl. In some cases it affects the feathers just below the beak and they may stand up looking brushed inthe wrong direction. The chiyoda expresses itself in a highly variable mannerand in some cases it is hardly noticeable. Yet, even birds with very poor expression can, on occasion, produce spectacular examples of this pheno-type as seen in the ideal drawing above. The beauty is enhanced in buff birds since feather length exaggerates the appearance. Some birds will have sev-eral rows of feather pointing up also enhancing the effect. Mr. Tamura told me it is not desirable to see the upward feathers reach so high on the neck that,not unlike a turtleneck sweater that is too big, there is a break or cuppingwhere the feathers hit the upper neck. In my experience even great chiyodas will produce only about 20-30% great chiyodas, the rest are swirled or weakly expressed.
Chiyoda is the name of the location of the palace of the Emperor located in the center of Tokyo. The Chinese character for “Chiyoda” means an “eternalrice field”, the symbol of wealth.www.nfss.org January/February 2006 - Journal of the NFSS Page 15
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The chunagon.(possibly a combination of two mutations?)
Chunagons have head crests and have feathers in the back of the neck thatpoint toward the top of the head. It must be linked in some way to bonten since with the stock we imported you can not get this neck phenotype without also having the crested head.
Alternatively, the bonten portion of chunagon is not determined by the regular bonten mutation but is a part of the chunagon mutation itself. It is still unclear, however, why this particular neck frill always is correlated to the head frill. Recently, the Japanese have isolated birds with just the neck frill and not the head crest, possibly an indication that there is linkage and that the linkage was broken. I will discuss the newer Japanese types at the end of this article. No matter the genetic control, the chunagon expression can be as variable as the chiyoda expression and only a small fraction of offspring carrying this mutation will have complete neck frills with a distinct part.
The chunagon is a “medium-rank” officer in the hierarchy of rulers. In some lit-erature this name is given to a series of ladies in waiting. Such attendantseither helped other rulers or acted as intermediaries.Page 16 January/February 2006 - Journal of the NFSS www.nfss.org
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Combination 1. The chiyoda bonten Chiyoda bonten is the combination of bonten (head crest) and chiyoda (chestfrill) in one bird. The most common way to get this bird is to cross a bonten with a chiyoda. Dainagon (see below) crossed to a normal may also give youchiyoda bonten. Combination 2. The Dainagonwww.nfss.org January/February 2006 - Journal of the NFSS Page 17
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The dainagon is a combination of chunagon and chiyoda so that you get the crested head and upturned neck and the chest frill. The best dainagons have the birds head appearing to peek out of a circular collar of feathers. To the Japanese, the head reminds them of a flower. The most valuable examples have a perfect neck color where the chunagon expression and the chiyoda expression appear to merge seamlessly. I have never produced one that good but have seen them in Japan and on Japanese web pages. Excellent dainagons are difficult to come by and are cherished in Japan.
In Japan dainagon is a high ranking officer or a Great Councilor. He must behonored.Some odder frills – the King, Queens, and PrincessesThese names are obviously borrowed from the English language but are usedto describe these birds in Japan.
While I have not bred these phenotypes, in Japan one can see birds where the frill appears all over the body in various states of disarray. These are given the names Prince, Queen, or King depend-ing on the extent of the expression but in my estimation these birds probably result from ill advised frill to frill pairings. It has been stated on Japanese webpages that these extreme frills are those that happen to survive a normally lethal embryo condition when similar frills are paired. I have seen a few of these in Japan and often they are unable to fly. In Japan, most breeders will not show or aim for this combination. The Japanese claim they can avoid this most easily by never crossing like frills (e.g. dainagon to dainagon). So what do you pair? The Japanese breeders recommend that only a few combina-tions be made when using frills. Do not be discouraged by the potential prob-lems when breeding frills.
The following advice should lead to good results.Of course a pairing of any frill to a normal non-frill is fine. Expect to get somefrills in the first generation since all of the frills are in some way dominant.
Acceptable pairings among frills include, bonten x chiyoda (to attempt to getchiyoda bonten) and chunagon x chiyoda (to attempt to get dainagon). Onceyou have a dainagon, a dainagon mated to a normal can yield any type of frillsince frill appears dominant and dainagons have all the mutations in one bird.Pairings that are NOT recommended include bonten x bonten (not lethal butyou may get poorly arranged double crests) and chunagon x bonten (againnot lethal but it may result in a double crest.). Danger of birth defects (or per-haps princes, queens, and kings) can occur when the following pairings aremade: chiyoda bonten x chiyoda bonten, chunagon x chunagon, dainagon xdainagon, chiyoda x chiyoda, chiyoda bonten x chiyoda, chiyoda bonten xdainagon, and chunagon x dainagon. If attempted these pairings often resultin weak babies or deformed babies usually with extremely defective feet.Survivors may be princesses, queens, and kings, a somewhat regal designa-tion for very troubled birds.Page 18 January/February 2006 - Journal of the NFSS www.nfss.org
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At the time we imported the birds (December 16, 1998), there were four clear-ly recognized show classes of frills; the bonten, chiyoda, chunagon, and dainagon. Recently, I have seen Japanese web pages with pictures of what is called the Kubi-chiyoda which looks like a chunagon but without the bonten (head crest) (http://w1.avis.ne.jp/~hirocafe/columns/jushi5-7-5.html), i.e. a bird with just a neck frill. I have discussed these types with Mr. Kanji Kawabata, awell-known breeder in Japan. Mr. Kawabata said the name Kubi-chiyodameans “chiyoda on the neck” (as opposed to the classic chiyoda which is onthe chest).
The mutation, however, is not at all related to the one that causesthe chest chiyoda phenotype. To my knowledge, Kubi-chiyoda is not available outside of Asia. Mr. Kawabata told me he did not believe that the Kubi-chiyodawas the result of a linkage break between bonten and the neck-frill but he did not supply any evidence to support this concept
.In addition, the Kubi-chiyoda has apparently been mixed with the classic chest chiyoda to create a bird with the breast frill and neck frill without head frill andthis is called the Wa-Chiyoda. (http://w1.avis.ne.jp/~hirocafe/columns/jushi5-7-8.html). The bird looks like a dainagon without the head crest. Mr. Kawabatatells me that “wa means “the circle” in Japanese so Wa-Chiyoda is a bird whose head is encircled by chiyoda type frill.
Frills can be bred in any color background in either selfs or pieds. Some of the nicest ones I’ve seen are gray mottled pied chiyodas, where the upward chest frill is variegated and creamino chiyodas with deep color on the chest.The Japanese also have created frilled pearls but I do not see the point since the chiyoda pearl has its pearl necklace covered up.
My personal favorite is the classic chiyoda since it leaves the bird sleek and smooth everywherebesides the frill which stands out proud in front of the bird. Before you get interested in frills, there are negatives to discuss.
With the exception of the bonten, all other frill types appear to be weakened to some extent. I have had a chiyoda bonten reach six years old and father four nice frills in his lifetime but several of my frills have died at three or four years old. It is often possible to know which babies will be frilled very early because they are noticeably smaller than their non-frilled nest mates. This is not because the parents won’t feed them but simply because they start off really slow. Eventually, they may grow to the size of their normal siblings but I have never seen a frill grow significantly larger than its normal siblings. In my experience,female chiyodas and dainagons are not good egg producers and I have had some of mine that never laid an egg or skip days when they do lay. Males seem to be fine but really frilled dainagons are small and mating them may require the selection of an appropriately sized hen.
Other downsides to frillsinclude the tendency for some highly expressed frills to have feet that curve inward and they have difficulty perching. It may require thinner, rougher perch-es to keep such birds from slipping. In addition, with the exception of the bon-ten, all the other types show a tendency for truncated primary feathers.Rather than one wing feather being longer than the next, all wing feathers canwww.nfss.org January/February 2006 - Journal of the NFSS Page 19
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Michael Marcotrigiano
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Post by FinchG on Mar 3, 2013 8:51:33 GMT -6
Dainagon Fawn Self  |
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